Monday, December 30, 2019

The Story of Jia Sheng Coming to America - 693 Words

From the early year of his life as a undergraduate student in China, Jia Sheng dreamed of going to America for his advanced education. When he graduated from Liaoning University, he was accepted by Brown University as a graduate student. He thought this was a great oppotunity for his life. Journey from China to America Jia Sheng had a long journey from his hometown Shenyang in Northeast China to Providence Rhode Island in the United States in the fall of 1983. It took him over 14 hours by train from Shenyang to Beijing. When he said goodbye to his father, mother, and his brother in the train station, he felt very sad because this was the first time he left home for such long journey. He did not know when he was able to see them again. When he was on board of an ariplane in the Beijing airport on August 23, he was very excited because this was his first time to take airplane in his life. Beijng airport then was not very big. There were only a few airplanes there. There was no direct flight from Beijing to JFK in New York city 30 years ago. The airplane had to stop at least three times for gasline and check ups. The first stop was Shanghai airport for two hours. More passages were on board. When the plane took out again, there were tears in Jia’s eye because he knew this time he had to said goodbye to China. After over 10 hours flight, the airplane landed again at Anchorage airport in Alaska. It was very dark outside. He did not have a chance to see much about

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Similarities Between The Kite Runner And The Kite Runner

There is a raging theme between both works that has to deal with a father/son relationship. With Amir just wanting his own fathers approval, and Oedipus murdering his father (and sleeping with his mother, but that’s not really â€Å"important† right now†). Starting with Oedipus Rex, he was not aware that he was doing anything wrong. It was â€Å"his duty† to do so. For it was in the oracle of laius that if her were to have a son, that he would be murdered by said child. â€Å"The oracle tells Laius that if he does have a son, his son will kill him†. He wanted to carry on his legacy so he still had a child, but sent him off. Of course he comes back to find out that he did murder his own father and ends up blinding himself, but that doesnt happen in†¦show more content†¦He will be hated wherever he goes.† Oedipus Rex, pg. 34. This shows that Oedipus is stuck between a rock and a hard place, or as another saying goes, the apple doesnt fall far from the tree. What this means is that, such as Laius, Oedipus must either die or leave where he stands. Laius decides he would have a son anyways knowing that he would still probably die. â€Å"I ran. A grown man running with a swarm of screaming children. But I didnt care. I ran with the wind blowing in my face, and a smile as wide as the Valley of Panjsher on my lips. I ran.† The Kite Runner, pg. 371. Here we see that amid has finally gotten what he wanted. Whether it was the preferred objective or not, he was happy. He was in peace, and thats all that matters. Just like in the end of Oedipus, he found out who murdered his father. He may not have been happy with the result, but he still got what he wanted. That is the biggest theme/question between both stories (at least in my opinion). Is getting what you want really worth it? Amir moved to the states, yes, he was happy with sohrab, and is happy with his father. While oedipus ended up blinding himself for the rest of his life with his wife/mother dead. Having to live with the constant pain knowing that you may not be â€Å"whole† ever again. Amir is fulfilled knowing that him and his father are better now, and oedipus is blind. Seems kind of like polar opposites, but they still have a connection. Oedipus finally figured outShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between The Alchemist And The Kite Runner1163 Words   |  5 PagesAlchemist, a plot-driven narrative, by Paulo Coelho, as well as The Kite Runner, a plot-driven allegory, written by Khaled Hosseini. The journey of The Alchemist is written as the principal character, Santiago, is beginning to flourish and comprehend that â€Å"when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you achieve it†, as well as partaking a breathtaking, suspenseful voyage around the world (24). Although the Kite Runner takes place much further ahead on the timeline, it still followsRead MoreSimilarities Between Oedipus Rex And The Kite Runner941 Words   |  4 PagesWhat similarities could current fiction novels possibly have with old Greek drama? Greek dramas and current day novels have more in common than anyone realizes. For example, there are many similarities between Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex and Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. These similarities show how writing and entertainment have not completely changed despite how long it has been. One of the most important similarities is the theme. This essay will explore these two works by looking into theRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Castle And The Kite Runner725 Words   |  3 Pagesthe government to move out of their house and their persistence to stay, against all odds. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini follows a boy and his brother, a story of loyalty and betrayal despite their limited knowledge of their relationship; a story of redemption. Both of these texts shared many similarities in stylistic, language features and literary conventions. There are some clear connections between the two texts like family’s importance and the constant informal register for inclusion of theRead MoreSimilarities Between Oedipus Rex And The Kite Runner1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner are both profound works of literature that share two immensely universal themes, those themes being fate/free will and divine justice. These two themes are quite prominent throughout both pieces of writing and serve to facilitate a very humanistic connection between the audience and the story. Although both of these stories consist of the two themes mentioned, they each express them in a unique fashion. Oedipus Rex focuses more so on the concept of fate whereas The Kite Runner emphasizesRead MoreAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam Through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesare connected or related. You need to draw them together to show how they are similar and/or different. While â€Å"comparing† is widely accepted as including both similarities and differences, â€Å"contrasting,† however, means concentrat ing only on differences. To write a good compare-and-contrast essay, you must take your raw data—the similarities and differences you have observed—and make them cohere into a meaningful argument. Here are the four techniques required to write an effective comparative-analysisRead MoreEast of Eden vs the Kite Runner1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe desire for love and the need for acceptance can create more than a feeling of rejection. In East of Eden and The Kite Runner, many characters find the task of love daunting and insufficient to their expectations. Love presents itself in every aspect of both novels and therefore is a major theme. Whether it was love from family or lovers, both novels explore the idea of unrequited love and its consequences on the characters lifelong journeys. The theme of love is a major underlying causeRead MoreSymbolism In The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini992 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel the Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini, the author, often uses symbolism throughout the book. There are many, many items or things that signifies something, or means something different than what is shown. For example, things like the kite, the pomegranate tree, Amir’s scar, the slingshot, the reference of the lamb, and Hassan’s cleft lip. Analyzing symbolism in this book could go far, there are many things to be said about the symbolism in this novel. The reason for using symbolism is becauseRead MoreComparative Essay: the Crucible and the Kite Runner1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, and The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, share many similar themes, characters, and ideas. One particular theme that is present throughout both of these written pieces is love. Defined by the Oxford Dictionary, love is a strong positive emotion of regard and affection. It can be found in moments of one’s life, through relationships, a nd through people. In The Kite Runner and The Crucible, one can see the similarities of love through friendship, paternalRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1367 Words   |  6 Pagesshare the same characteristics. Akin to siblings, the best-selling novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini in the early twenty-first century parallels â€Å"Roman Fever†, a short story written by Edith Wharton in 1934. Despite their gap of publication, only a year shy of seventy years, these two novels are more related than one might originally consider. For those who have not had the pleasure of reading The Kite Runner, Hosseini marched to the top of New York Times’ Best-Sellers list for a reasonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex 1309 Words   |  6 PagesEven as literature has multiple genres, themes can still parallel each other regardless that they will appear in two altogether varying works conceived and written by very different authors and in distinctly separate timeframes. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praised Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that morals can genuinely be learned through any method. In both

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman Free Essays

string(89) " registering at a table manned by his cousin, Mordecai, Vladek’s father is spared\." Character List- round or flat Art Spiegelman- r * Art Spiegelman is the author and narrator of Maus, and also one of the story’s main characters. * Born in Stockholm after the Holocaust, he is the only surviving child of Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. * He is married to Francoise, a French woman who converted to Judaism upon their engagement. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Maus centers around two primary narratives: Vladek’s experiences as a Jew in World War II Poland, and Art’s relationship with his aging father. * When the story opens, Art lives in New York and does not see his father very often, though he lives only a short distance away in Queens. But as Art begins to draw this story about Vladek’s Holocaust experiences, he begins to visit his father more and more frequently. * Their relationship is strained, as Vladek’s gruff demeanor and unwillingness to spend money routinely infuriate his son. * Art is filled with complex feelings towards his father ranging from admiration for his survival in Auschwitz, to frustration towards his aggravating tendencies, and guilt for his own neglect of a father who has lived through so many difficult times. * Art also has complex emotions towards the Holocaust. Though he did not live through it personally, he feels that he is constantly affected by it. * His father’s personality was largely formed from his experiences in Auschwitz, and this personality in turn directly affected the way in which Art was raised. Vladek Spiegelman- r * Vladek is Art Spiegelman’s father. * He grew up in pre-war Poland, and much of Maus traces his experiences in the Holocaust, as told in his own words to his son. * As the story opens in 1978, he is married to his second wife, Mala. The couple does not get along * Vladek’s personality is largely dominated by his Holocaust experiences. During the Holocaust, he exhibited a spectacular resourcefulness, work ethic, and presence of mind that often enabled him to secure food, shelter, and safety for himself and his family. * He was a shrewd businessman, and in the most troubling times he saved everything of use. In 1978, he still saves everything and tries to exchange those things that he no longer needs. * Once so resourceful and competent, he is still constantly working on small projects, some of which he is incapable of completing. Anja Spiegelman- r * Anja is Art’s mother and Vladek’s first wife. The couple meets in Poland while Vladek is in a long-term relationship with another woman, Lucia Greenberg. * Always an anxious woman, she suffers an acute depression shortly after the birth of her son and spends three months recovering in a sanitarium. * She survives the Holocaust with her husband, and they immigrate to the United States a few years after the war. * Anja commits suicide in 1968, leaving both Art and Vladek in emotional turmoil. * Art’s last memory of his mother is recorded in a comic called â€Å"Prisoner on the Hell Planet,† in which she enters Art’s room and asks him if he still loves her. His response, a terse and dismissive â€Å"sure,† haunts him for years. Lolek- f * Vladek’s nephew and Uncle Herman’s son. * Lolek lives with Anja’s family for much of the initial German occupation, first at Anja’s father’s house and then in the Srodula ghetto. * When the situation deteriorates and Vladek makes preparations to hide in a shelter until the Nazis have evacuated the town, * Lolek tells his uncle that he is tired of hiding, and he is soon transported to Auschwitz. He survives the camps and eventually becomes a college professor. Richieu Spiegelman- f Richieu is Vladek and Anja’s first child, born in Poland in 1937. * In 1943, Vladek and Anja send him to live under the protection of Uncle Persis, where they think he will be safer. * Richieu travels with Anja’s sister, Tosha; * But soon after, Zawiercie is liquidated by the Nazis. Rather than be taken to the gas chamber, Tosha poisons herself and the children under her care, including Richieu. * After his death, Vladek and Anja keep a photograph of their first child hanging on the wall of their bedroom. Mala Spiegelman- f * Mala is Vladek’s second wife, and a friend of his family from before the war. The couple does not get along. * Mala is consumed with frustration towards Vladek’s inability to part with money, while Vladek views his wife with considerable distrust and accuses her of trying to steal his money. Francoise- f * Art’s wife. * She is French and converted to Judaism in preparation for their marriage to please Vladek. * She is intelligent, kind, and opinionated, and their relationship is strong. * She plays a relatively minor role in the story, serving mostly as a means for Art to discuss his relationship with his father and the Holocaust. Mr. Zylberberg- f Anja’s father. * Before the war, he is a wealthy manufacturer who owns a factory. * When Vladek and Anja are married, he provides Vladek with a factory o f his own. * He survives with his family in German-occupied Poland, until the family is captured and sent to await transport to Auschwitz. * By bribing his cousin, Haskel, Vladek is able to arrange for the release of himself and Anja. Orbach- f * A friend of Vladek’s family in Poland. * When Vladek is a prisoner of war, Orbach claims him as a cousin, so that Vladek is released into his custody and eventually returns home to Sosnowiec. Vladek’s father- f * Vladek’s father is a tough and deeply religious man. * His wife dies of cancer before the worst of the Holocaust. * Before the war, Vladek’s father intentionally starves his son so that he will be declared unfit for the army. * Later, the Nazi grip tightens, and all Jews are made to register in a nearby stadium. Those who are fit to work are sent to one side, while the elderly and women with many children are sent to their deaths at the concentration camps. By registering at a table manned by his cousin, Mordecai, Vladek’s father is spared. You read "Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman" in category "Essay examples" Before he leaves the tadium, however, he sees his daughter, Fela (Vladek’s sister) and her four small children standing with those destined for Auschwitz. He crosses over to be with her, and all die in the camps. Uncle Herman- f * Anja’s brother. * Along with his wife, Hela, he is visiting the New Yor k World’s Fair when the war begins, and they remain in the United States to escape the horrors abroad. Tosha- f * Tosha is Anja’s older sister. * At the beginning of the German occupation of Poland, she lives with Anja’s family in her father’s house, along with her husband, Wolfe, and their small daughter, Bibbi. As the situation deteriorates Uncle Persis offers to keep her safely in nearby Zawiercie ghetto, where he is a prominent member of the Jewish Council. * She agrees, and leaves with Wolfe, Bibbi, and Vladek’s son Richieu. Soon, though, the Germans slaughter the Jewish Council and begin to evacuate the Jews of Zawiercie to the camps. Rather than be sent to the gas chambers, Tosha poisons herself, her daughter, Herman’s daughter Lonia, and Vladek’s son Richieu. Mr. Ilzecki- f * A former customer of Vladek’s from before the war. The two meet again after the German occupation and begin conducting business on the Sosnowiec b lack market * Mr. Ilzecki has a son about the same age as Vladek’s, and he offers to send Richieu along with his own son to a Polish friend to hide until things get better. Nahum Cohn- f * A friend and business partner of Vladek’s during his black market days in Sosnowiec. * Nahum is arrested along with his son for selling goods without coupons. * The Nazis decide to make an example of them and they are hanged in a well-know black market center and left there for a full week. Anja’s Grandparents- f During the initial period of the German occupation, they live in Anja’s father’s house with the rest of the family. * Later, they are told to relocate to a â€Å"community better prepared to take care of the elderly. † * The family hides them for over a month, until the authorities arrest Anja’s father and threaten to arrest more of his family if the grandparents are not given over to the Germans. * Anja’s grandparents are taken away to Auschwitz, where they are killed. Haskel Spiegelman- f * Haskel is Vladek’s cousin, and chief of the Jewish Police in the Srodula ghetto. He is the brother of Miloch and Pesach. He is what Vladek calls a kombinacya, or â€Å"schemer. † * While he is a rather unsavory character, he is a good person to know in the ghetto. * When Vladek’s family is discovered in the â€Å"chandelier† bunker and sent to a compound to wait for transport to Auschwitz, Haskel arranges for Vladek, Anja, and Lolek to be released in exchange for valuables. Miloch Spiegelman- f * Miloch is Vladek’s cousin, and brother to Haskel and Pesach. * He is Vladek’s supervisor at the shoe repair shop in the Srodula ghetto, and an honorable man compared to the scheming Haskel. When the Germans make plans to eliminate all Jews in the ghetto, he prepares a hidden shelter behind a pile of shoes at the shop, where Vladek, Anja, and 15 other people hide for days. Pesach Spiegelman - f * Pesach is Vladek’s cousin, and brother to Miloch and Haskel. * Like Haskel, he is a schemer and a rather unsavory character. * His most significant involvement centers on a scheme to sell cake to the inhabitants of the ghetto. * He makes a fortune, but everyone who eats it becomes sick – the cake was accidentally made with laundry soap in addition to flour. Mr. Lukowski- f The janitor at Anja’s father’s house. * When Vladek and Anja escape from the Srodula ghetto, they knock on his door and he allows them to stay in a shed behind his house. Mrs. Kawka- f * Mrs. Kawka is the owner of a small farm on the outskirts of Sosnowiec, and for a price she allows Vladek and Anja to hide in her barn. * Mrs. Kawka is the person who tells Vladek about the smugglers who can take him to Hungary. Mrs. Motonowa- f * Vladek befriends Mrs. Motonowa at the Sosnowiec black market after the liquidation of Srodula, and she offers to hide him and Anja at her farm, with her seven-year-old son. She is a kind woman, and the house is comfortable, except for a ten-day period in which Mrs. Motonowa’s husband returns home from Germany on vacation, and they are forced to stay in the basement. * After Vladek and Anja attempt to escape to Hungary, she shelters Miloch and his family for the remainder of the war. Mandelbaum- f * Before the war, Mandelbaum owned a pastry store in Sosnowiec where Vladek and Anja often shopped. Abraham- f * Abraham is Mandelbaum’s cousin. * He agrees to accompany the smugglers, and promises to write Mandelbaum and Vladek if he arrives safely in Hungary. He is betrayed, however, and forced at gunpoint to write the letter anyway. The Karps- f * The Karps are Vladek’s neighbors at his Catskills bungalow. * When Art visits his father there, they take him aside and tell him that Vladek cannot possibly take care of himself. Vladek’s Kapo- f * A â€Å"kapo† is a Polish supervisor at a concentration camp. * Soon after Vladek arrives at Auschwitz, Vladek’s kapo asks the Jews in the barracks if anyone there can speak English. Pavel- f * Pavel is Art’s psychiatrist. * Like Art’s father, Pavel is a survivor of the Holocaust. Art sees him once a week, and the sessions always seem to make him feel better. Mancie- f * Mancie is a female Hungarian Jew at Birkenau with Anja, * has higher status as a result of an affair with S. S. guard. * She acts as a go-between for Vladek and his wife, carrying notes and food. The Frenchman- f * After Vladek is transferred from Auschwitz to Dachau, he befriends a Frenchman with whom he converses in English. * Because he is not Jewish, the Frenchman is able to receive packages of food through the Red Cross, which he shares with Vladek, probably saving his life. http://www. gradesaver. com/maus/study-guide/character-list/ How to cite Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Policy Process free essay sample

Policy making can be a complex process depending on the policy and how the people this policy will affect feel about it. Health policy is a subset of public policy. These policies include issues that related to health and illness. There are three interconnected phases that complete the policy making process. The processes are formulation, Legislative and finally the implementation phase. I will attempt to show how these processes come together to form policies as we know them today.The policy making process includes many different models but one of the oldest and most common approaches to the study of policy-making derives from the early work of H. Lasswell (1951). This American political scientist was the first to have taken into account and analyzed policy as a process, which is, as a set of phenomena organized in time and led by a number of specific and self-induced mechanisms. The model that he helped build is usually known as the stages model of policy, since it separates policy-making into its component steps, or stages, and analyses each in turn. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The original version of the model included seven stages, though more recent versions have reduced the process to fewer steps, varying between four and six. The beginning stages of a policy include the identification of issues, through public demands for action (Porter Hicks, 1995). It is then up to the appropriate person or committee to decide whether the problem is recognized by society as a whole or is limited to a certain interest group. Sometimes in the beginning stages of a policy the policy makers realize a problem exists but they must be willing to address them all.Many times public figures cannot address the problem because they do not possess the necessary instruments to carry out a policy response. For example public figures cannot bring effective change to certain environmental problems. A time scale must be in place, Policy makers attempt short term mandates depending on how pressing the problem is, the need to correctly identify the problem. Once the problem is identified the policy makers must be in agreement the issue the can be addressed by a policy. For example healthcare reform there was a public outcry for reform, the issues was identified policy makers agreed there was a problem and this issue can be addressed by a policy. As with any policy health care reform is seen differently by different groups for one reason or another with many opinions thus bring about the formulation of policy proposals, their initiation and development, by policy-planning organizations, interest groups, and the executive or legislative branches of government.Formulation stage A policy should be formulated for example a national health research policy should be formulated based on the national health policy, basically policy formulation is the crafting of alternatives or options for dealing with a problem. Due to time constraints and resources policy makers must choose which problems to act on. Sometimes determining what’s on the agenda can be difficult, but once the agenda is set the proposals of the policy can be set. Formulation of the pol icy includes the development of pertinent and acceptable proposed courses of action for dealing with public problems.The people involved in this process are the president and his advisors who are the leading source of policy initiatives. Next are the government agencies, the presidential organizations such as specific tasks forces and or commissions next are the legislators and finally the interest groups. All of these individuals are key figures in the policy making process. This leads into the next phase of policy making which is the legislative stage. Legislative stage The next stage of the policy making is the legislative stage.This stage incorporates activities associated with rule making and policy operation; mobilization of human and financial resources to comply with the policy (Longest, 2002). Each legislature develops a series of steps through legislation proceeds to the floor of the legislature, which is then subject to an up or down vote. The policy outcome in that period is the proposed policy if it receives the support of a â€Å"decisive† coalition of legislators, once a bill is voted on and becomes law it is given a public law number and becomes United States code, this process continues ad in finitum.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Canada’s Bail Reform Act Essay Example

Canada’s Bail Reform Act Essay Canada’s Bail Reform Act has proven controversial because of its perceived leniency toward dangerous suspects.   The act severely limits police officers’ ability to arrest suspects without warrants, which has caused some Canadian citizens to demand further reforms and tougher laws granting the police more power to arrest and detain accused persons.   Though intended to respect the rights of the accused, suspects released under its provisions have committed serious crimes in recent years (including several murders), and public demands for increased public safety have targeted the act. Before the Bail Reform Act’s passage in 1971, â€Å"a number of the civil liberties of Canadians were being systematically ignored and abused by the police† (Brannigan).   Suspects in Canada had to demonstrate why they should not be detained until trial, which frequently meant that those accused of dangerous violent crimes remained in custody.   According to the Legal Information Institute, â€Å"Prior to the Bail Reform Act, [suspects] could have been arrested on reasonable and probable grounds that they had committed the offences charged† (Canadian Legal Information Institute).   The act intended to grant the accused more civil liberties, especially preventing the unnecessary detention of suspects.   It limits the police’s arrest powers (in the absence of a warrant) by requiring suspects’ release if the they have no reasonable grounds to believe that the public interest or safety would be in jeopardy.   The Act also empowers the police o fficer in charge of lock-up to release a suspect in accordance with the Criminal Code. We will write a custom essay sample on Canada’s Bail Reform Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Canada’s Bail Reform Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Canada’s Bail Reform Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The act does not require that a judge preside over a bail hearing, and a suspect may be released with as little as a single signature on a court document, with little or no money posted.   This is true for virtually any crime, including those involving violence.   The logic behind the law, according to the Canadian government, â€Å"is to establish a presumption that [the accused] . . . should not be arrested or held in police custody or detention unless this is necessary in order to conduct a legitimate criminal investigation, to ensure attendance of an accused in court, or to protect the public and then, for no longer than is necessary† (Department of Justice Canada).   However, while this has certainly prevented many accused persons from being held needlessly (especially the innocent and falsely accused), it has also been applied too leniently to dangerous criminals, some of whom later committed violent crimes while on bail. The law is rather difficult to navigate and creates problems for the police, who must have concrete evidence that a suspect has or is about to commit a serious crime; without it, suspects must be released, and in some cases commit more serious offenses.   Currently, Canadian police can make arrests without warrants only if they are certain or have probable grounds to believe the suspect has committed or is about to commit a crime, is committing a crime in a police officer’s sight, or already has an outstanding warrant.   According to the Canadian legal system itself, â€Å"[the] main sections of the Criminal Code which constrain the police use of discretion with young persons as with adults are the rather tortuous provisions governing arrest, detention and release in Part XVI† (Department of Justice Canada). With very few exceptions, the Bail Reform Act of 1971 forbids police from making warrantless arrests unless they believe that suspects will not appear for trial or if it is required in the public interest.   This puts the police into a difficult situation, because they are unable to hold suspects without warrant or very clear cause.   Also, the police cannot freely assume that a suspect will automatically commit a more serious crime while on bail.   The law clearly favors the accused, which can work against the police and create the perception that they are unable to protect the public.   According to Canadian sociologist and legal expert Gus Brannigan, the act â€Å"puts the onus on the state to show why an arrested person should be confined to jail before trial. Consequently we only rarely find people incarcerated ‘three or more days’† (Brannigan).   In the eyes of the police, this does not always give police and prosecutors sufficient time to gather n ecessary information about a suspect’s records and current criminal status. For years, the Canadian government has considered changing the Bail Reform Act’s lenient policies to hold suspects long enough to determine whether they should be released from custody, especially in the face of public demands for greater public safety.   In the 1990s, over 2.5 million people signed the de Villiers petition, which called for changes to make the law tougher in the wake of several brutal murders of young women between 1983 and 1993.   In its support, parliament member Howard Hilstrom told the speaker in 1998, â€Å"Petitioners are asking for changes to the Bail Reform Act to make this a safer country [and] . . . impose harsher penalties for crimes of violence and that release not be quite so quick† (Parliament of Canada).   In November 2003, Manitoba’s provincial Justice Minister Gord Mackintosh proposed revamping Canada’s bail laws so that â€Å"people with criminal records would be automatically denied bail. The rare exceptions woul d come when a defence lawyer makes an argument that a judge feels is particularly compelling† (Owen and McIntyre). Changing the Bail Reform Act would grant police more power to hold suspects they consider dangerous, which in turn may make the public feel better protected from violent criminals.   In addition, it would speed prosecutors’ and judges’ access to suspects’ parole history, so that bail would be tougher for suspects in violent crimes to attain.   The legal challenge is determining a proper balance between the rights of the accused and the courts’ and law enforcement officials’ ability to determine how great a risk a suspect proposes to the public. REFERENCES Anonymous.   â€Å"Chamber Business.†Ã‚   19 October 1998.   Parliament of Canada.   5 October 2005.   http://www.parl.gc.ca/36/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/137_1998-10-19/han137_1530-e.htm. â€Å"The de Villiers Petition.†Ã‚   The Caveat: Canadians Against Violence.   5 October 2005.   http://www.caveat.org/history/petition.html. â€Å"Youth Justice Police Discretion with Young Offenders Environmental Factors Affecting Police.†Ã‚   8 July 2004.   Department of Justice Canada.   5 October 2005.   http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/yj/research/carrington-schulenberg/environmental/legal.html. Brannigan. A. (Gus).   â€Å"Civil Rights and Limits to State Powers.†Ã‚   Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calgary.   7 October 2005.   http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~branniga/rights.html. Owen, Bruce and Mike McIntyre.   â€Å"Bail courts need better access to accused’s past.†Ã‚   3 January 2005.  Ã‚   Garry Breitkreuz, Member of Parliament Yorkton – Melville.   7 October 2005.   http://www.garrybreitkreuz.com/publications/Article516.htm.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Writing News Stories for the Web

Writing News Stories for the Web Journalism’s future is clearly online, so it’s important for any aspiring journalist to learn the basics of writing for the web. Newswriting and web writing are similar in many ways, so if you’ve done news stories, learning to write for the web shouldn’t be hard. Here are some tips: Keep It Short Reading from a computer screen is slower than reading from a paper. So if newspaper stories need to be short, online stories need to be even shorter. A general rule of thumb: web content should have about half as many words as its printed equivalent. So keep your sentences short and limit yourself to one main idea per paragraph. Short paragraphs- just a sentence or two each- look less imposing on a web page. Break It Up If you do have an article that’s on the longish side, don’t try to cram it onto one web page. Break it up into several pages, using a clearly visible â€Å"continued on next page† link at the bottom. Write in the Active Voice Remember the Subject-Verb-Object model from newswriting. Use it for web writing as well. S-V-O sentences written in the active voice tend to be short and to the point. Use the Inverted Pyramid Summarize the main point of your article right at the start, just as you would in the lede of a news story. Put the most important information in the top half of your article, the less important stuff in the bottom half. Highlight Key Words Use boldface text to highlight especially important words and phrases. But use this sparingly; if you highlight too much text, nothing will stand out. Use Bulleted and Numbered Lists This is another way of highlighting important information and breaking up chunks of text that may be getting too long. Use Subheads Subheads are another way to highlight points and break up text into user-friendly chunks. But keep your subheads clear and informative, not â€Å"cute.† Use Hyperlinks Wisely Use hyperlinks to connect surfers to other web pages that are related to your article. But use hyperlinks only when needed; if you can summarize the information succinctly without linking elsewhere, do so.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Writing Assignment - Essay Example It can be argued to be an art.as the book continues to be of relevance in the recent school years, the study of this work by Marzano continues to assist in the professional development of teachers to achieve both effectiveness and efficiency in classrooms. The writer of the book points out major actions of creating significant experiences and further places the part of a teacher in the overall process of creating a critical input experience. In the second chapter, the author talks over six actions that this paper finds major in the process of creating effective critical input experiences. This chapter is seen to focus more on actively processing information during a well-structured input experience. In the process of finding which among the six discussed is the most significant, it is noted that Marzano stresses on the following steps; first is an overview, then, the students are divided into groups and the information is portioned in a way that requires students to describe, discuss and predict. The students ask related questions, record information in various forms and reflect on learning. The teacher’s duty is also discussed in this section, the author describes it as a continuous challenge of the student self using the method that the question one states in the book. The critical part is to avail to students the chance to participate in their learning process. Students are challenged to go the extra mile in t heir thought to find out the answers. As a development from the second chapter, the third chapter points out the need new skills. The author emphasizes that opportunities should be given to deepening the understanding of new information. In an effort to achieve knowledge deepening, such activities that results in repeated contact and exposure is proposed. In line with these activities, schema development, development of procedural knowledge, declarative knowledge and homework are the areas discussed in the book.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Comparison Papper Malcom x vs William Shakespeare Essay

Comparison Papper Malcom x vs William Shakespeare - Essay Example Both assailed calumny or manipulation which in Shakespeare’s speech from Brutus justified his murder and villainy by alleging that he killed Caesar because he is ambitious and that Rome he is better off with Caesar dead. This was in the passage; In Malcom X’s speech however, this came from the gerrymandering of white (caucasian) politicians that when Negroes became concentrated in one area that is enough to become a political power, the political subdivisions are changed to disenfranchise the Negro. All sorts of effort were done to â€Å"con† and undermine the negro’s right to vote as exegete it saying as â€Å"senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the Negro from being able to vote†. Both speakers were also addressing an undiscerning and unsophisticated crowd. In Malcolm X, the speech referred to the Negroes â€Å"dumb vote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in Washington, D.C., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable† while in Shakespeare, both Brutus and Anthony were addressing a mob who would agree to whatever they will say until Anthony won them over with a speech that effectively refuted Brutus speech that Caesar has to be killed because of his ambition; Both also justified violence or murder as a political solution. Albeit Brutus was more brutal because he personally slew Caesar under a shady motive even if Caesar is his close friend. Worst, he made it appear as if Caesar deserved it and his death is good for Rome by saying â€Å"Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men?† Malcolm X speech however was replete of justification why it has to come to ballots or bullets. He argues that the eyes of the negroes are already open and his consciousness is already alive and he will

Monday, November 18, 2019

Kiowa& Colorado History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kiowa& Colorado History - Essay Example They stationed themselves in southeastern Colorado, western Kansas, and western Oklahoma. They had some fights with Comanche, who were more populous tribe, but eventually these tribes created a confederation, between 1790 and 1806. By 1840 Kiowa became alliances with other tribes as well, such as Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Osage. â€Å"Provisions of the 1865 Little Arkansas Treaty forced the Kiowa and Comanche to relinquish lands in Kansas and New Mexico, and the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty established a 2.8 million acre reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. There the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache were confined following their subjugation at the end of the Red River War in May 1875. Kiowa-Comanche-Apache (KCA) Reservation lands were allotted in 1901† (Kiowa, para.2) At the beginning of the 21st century there are about 12000 Kiowa living in Colorado and Oklahoma. Kiowa developed a bison-hunting culture, together with the buffalos they moved around to the places of grazing. Kio wa lived in tee-pees, so it was easy for them to move around. Kiowa captured wild mustangs and trained them to use in warfare, for hunting purposes, as well as the means of transportation. Kiowa organized themselves by age, as well as by sex. As the person would get older he/she would move to the next social age organization. Brothers and sisters avoided interacting with each other after the age of ten.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Cold Chain Prospects in India

Cold Chain Prospects in India A cold storage chain is a temperature-controlled supply chain. An unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted series of warehouse and distribution activities which maintain a given temperature range. It is used to help lengthen and make sure the shelf life of products such as marine products, frozen, fresh agricultural produce, photographic film, pharmaceutical drugs and chemicals. The chain needs to begin at the production/farm level (e.g. harvest methods, preprocessing, Pre-cooling) and cover up to the consumer level or at least to the retail level. A well managed cold chain reduces spoilage, retains the quality of the perishable products and guarantees a cost efficient delivery to the consumer given adequate attention for customer service. The main characteristic of the chain is that if any of the links is missing or is weak, the whole system fails. The Cold chain logistics and supply chain management systems infrastructure generally consists of: Pre-cooling facilities Refrigerated Carrier Cold Storages Warehousing Packaging Information Management systems (Traceability and Tracking etc.) Fig: Outline of a typical Cold Chain Some Snaps of cold storagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Global Situation Analysis Today shippers of perishable products face an array of challenges in getting their products to market in the most efficient and cost effective manner, but lack of capacity in the logistics and warehouse service industry isnt one of them. The need for temperature controlled storage systems for storing both food and non food is increasing in many traditional and emerging markets worldwide. The producers and retailers are moving to emerging markets like Latin America and Asia, along with the changing preferences and tastes of customers in older market places, is having a strong impact on the logistics industry. This has led to high levels of investment by logistics companies and their associated suppliers as they have: They have gone for acquisition or entered into alliance with local companies for getting access to these markets They have established cold storage enabled operations in the areas to serve the growth in affluence of local consumers Simultaneously, demand for perishable products from these emerging markets is increasing, with a higher level of both perishable food and non food products being transported to the more traditional western markets of the US and Europe. This is causing problem on the already jam-packed shipping routes .Increasing volumes are leading to congestion issues at major ports of the world. Cold chain industry is showing tremendous increase in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Brazil. Total capacity for these countries for 2008 is 6,350.32 million cubic feet (179.82 million cubic meters).The industry is growing globally at approximately 15 percent (IARW Report 2009).The growth rate for China and India are higher compared to global average. Both have almost doubled their capacity in last ten years A phenomenal transformation is currently occurring that may significantly affect a multi-billion dollar global cold chain industry. The projected annual wastage of perishable products worldwide is 35 billion dollars. There are enormous opportunities for companies to distinguish themselves in the market place through effectively leveraging the upcoming technologies that improve logistics and supply chains. Most agribusinesses and Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) companies are not just considering process improvements of their logistics and supply chains but they are investing in and overhauling the entire business model and strategies to survive in the continuously changing competitive environment. Especially for manufacturing and retailing companies handling temperature sensitive food and non food products, the substantial challenges may be emphasized by the additional cold-chain logistics involved with effectively preserving and handling these products. Other converging and substantial problems such as fierce competition, strict government regulations and global standards for product identification, security, and tagging; and the need for enhanced traceability to improve quality and operations are influencing important transformation in the Retail and CPG industry. The implications of resisting these changes and other related upcoming challenges are potentially lost delivery channels and a weakened competitive position. By allowing information computing power available anywhere and anytime, companies can more quickly adjust to these challenges and the continuously changing external environment. Apart from this, they can considerably improve what they deliver, how they operate, and potentially their profitability. Indian Situation Analysis The Indian cold chain industry is very large and estimated to be around Rs 10,000 to 15,000crore, which is growing at a rate of about 20-25 percent and is expected to touch Rs 40,000crore by 2015.It was about a century ago this Industry came into existence. In India majority of cold storage facilities are under-utilized or completely unused for most of the year. There is a large gap of around 60% in cold storage infrastructure and 80% in mobile cold storage facilities like refrigerated trucks and rail wagons. By the year 2012, the cold chain industry expects to see a huge capacity addition as there is an expected increase in the cold storage investment. Current status of cold storages in India: The cold storage infrastructure in India was built way back in 1960s mainly for potatoes and potato seeds and even the investments in cold storage were very less during that time. Nationwide provider of cold storage facilities is nonexistent at that time. The number of cold storages in India is about 5316 and the total capacity is around 23333694 mTs. The number of Private sector cold storages in India account for 4820 with a capacity of 222343607mTs, cooperative sector 363 numbers with 989445 mTs, Public sector account for 133 numbers with a capacity of 100642 mTs. The existent cold storage facilities mainly serve the potato products. There is a lack of facilities such as cold storage vegetable, cold storage fruits, cold storage tamarind, cold storage fish, cold storage meat, and cold storage milk and dairy products.. Cold storage services are available for only 10% of the produce. In India Transportation of fruit and vegetables through cold chain is almost negligible, whereas in US it is around 80-85% in the US and for Thailand it is around 30-40%. In India, due to the current inefficiencies in the supply chain around Rs 1 lakh crore worth of fruits and vegetables are wasted every year. Cold chain in India -Reality: Modern Post Harvest Management is non existent Lack of World Class Integrated Cold Supply Chain Across the Country and also Isolated Stores without Logistics Support Using Services of Cold Stores with Archaic Storage Technology The cold storage facilities are used mainly for low value products like potatoes The present cold storage facilities lead to Loss of quality and hence value of the perishables The duration time for storage largely influenced by the market imbalances India cold chains potential and opportunities: India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world which contributes for about 10% of the total fruit production in the world. India is the largest producer of fruits (32mT anually) in the world, which is about 8 per cent of the global production; India is also the second largest producer of vegetables in the world (first being China), producing around 71 mT anually, which is about 15% share in the world market. The key area in India is Food processing and it processes about 1.3% of its total fruits and vegetable where as it is 80% in USA, 70% in France, 80% in Malaysia and 30% in Thailand. To become a top exporter and processor of fruits and vegetables, India needs a high quality cold chain. Due to lack of cold storage facilities and energy infrastructure about 40 percent of the fruits and vegetables grown in India (40 mT worth $13 billion) gets wasted every year, which is huge enough to feed countries like Brazil and Vietnam. The reason for this huge wastage is the wide gaps that are existing in the cold chain and there is no well equipped cold chain for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. The Infrastructure for Cold chain is not existing for the produced capacities and same is the case with storage, also these close storage facilities are not available close to the farms, in addition to these the transportation (temperature controlled) is also inefficient. So it is important to establish world class cold storage logistics, which play a crucial role in reducing the global foods shortage by eliminating wastages, which would provide us enough scope to feed many parts of the world. The major initiatives which government of India has taken to improve this sector are Allowing 100% Foreign direct Investment Provided full excise duty exemption on cold chain refrigeration equipment (consisting of compressor, condenser units, evaporator), which reduced the costs substantially by around 16%. These policy initiatives taken by the government have signalled the existing cold chain majors in India to setup their own back-end logistics. Existing Players in India The Leading Cold chain companies in India with established cold chain infrastructure are as follows: Container Corporation of India (Concor), Indraprastha Cold Chain, Glacio Cold Chain. Bulaki Deep Freeze Snowman Refcon Carriers Kausar Gatia Gateway Distiparks R.K. Foodland Adani Group Future Group Bharti ITC Reliance Godrej Tata Cochin. Mumbai, Delhi International airports Aditya Birla Group Apollo Everest kool Solutions The existing players are taking major steps in expanding their capacities, which are as follows: Snowman and Kausar, two major names in the cold chain Industry have been bought over. Gatia ,a logistics company in Hyderabad acquired Kausar India, Gateway Distiparks, the Transportation logistics major acquired a controlling stake in Snowman Frozen Foods.The Future Group has carried backward integration, from food retailing to storage and transportation; with the launch of Future Logistics. Ahmadabad based Adani Group revamped its cold chain logistics facilities recently. Major players like Bharti, ITC, Reliance, Aditya Birla Group, Bharti the Godrejs, the Tatas and the Future Group has announced billion dollar investments which offer a ready market for third-party cold chain logistics players. Apart from the Global giants and the Indian corporate the airport infrastructure companies and the railways are also planning to build refrigerated warehouses and perishable products cargo centres across the country in capture the share in the booming retail sector. The major airports like Cochin International Airport, Mumbai International Airport, Delhi International Airport and Greenfield international airport projects such as Bangalore and Hyderabad are also setting up refrigerated warehouses for perishable cargoes next to the airports and started to tap the cold chain market. Cochin International Airport is building a state-of-the-art centre for perishable cargo, which can handle about 40,000 million tonnes perishable cargo annually and which would help the farmers of the state who are cultivating such products.Apollo Everest Kool Solutions, which is a joint venture of Spire Group and Apollo has plans to set up at least 15 temperature-controlled warehouses in India. The other major companies showing interest in cold chain market in India include Snowman Frozen Foods (sold out), a joint venture between, Nichirei Logistics Group, Mitsubishi Corp Gateway Distiparks. Fresh and Healthy Enterprises has set up a 100 per cent subsidiary for cold ch ain logistics with an initial capacity of 12,000 tonnes at Rai in Sonepat, Haryana and has further plans to expand it to over a dozen cold storages in the near future, Apollo-Everest Cool Solutions a joint venture formed by the Delhi-based Apollo Tyres and the Spire Group of Canada have plans to construct 15 temperature-controlled warehouses in India with an investment of $250 million; Adani Agrifresh one of the Top retail chain sold its retail business to start a cold storage supply chain for fruits and vegetables in over a dozen top cities of the country. Cold Chains in Different Industries Special features of Indian Cold chain market for important product segments are given in the table below. Product Characteristics Potato Amounts upto 90% of existing cold storage capacity Chocolate High outsourcing demand. Seasonal-Large variation in peak and non-peak demand. No dominant player among service providers Poultry All the market is captured by Snowman and RK Food-both pan India players Fruits Vegetables Predictable, Stable and High demand throughout the year. No dominant player in the market. Market dominated by Domestic players. More than 60% demand met by small/ local/regional players Dairy products (Butter Cheese) High demand throughout the year. Major players not very active Significant share of small players Ice Cream -Seasonal High demand in peak season High growth 35% demand shared by small players The major products are Potato, apple which contributes Rs 16050 million to the cold chain market. Other products are: Segment Value(Million) Imported Fresh Fruits Vegetables 1.67 Exports By sea (Seafood, Meat, Poultry, Fruits Vegetables) 46 Chocolate Industry 2 Dairy Industry 2.67 Meat Poultry (domestic) 1.33 Ice-cream Industry 4.9 Processed potato 4.45 Emerging segments (flavoured milk/yoghurt) 13.33 Cool Chain Transportation 40 Source: Global AgriSystem Ltd Cold Chain in Pharmaceutical Industry In the pharmaceutical supply chain, the chain members have different requirements to meet for material handling, warehousing, storing, packaging and distributing the pharmaceutical products which are sensitive to the environment. The ideal pharmaceutical cold chain should be capable of dealing with changing product portfolios, the requirements for Good Storage and Distribution Practices, current regulatory trends, quality management, risk assessment factors, and temperature monitoring. Pharmaceutical cold chain trends: Manufacturers are being held responsible for any defects in the product in cold chain management. E.g. determining, maintaining and monitoring temperature levels during shipment. The management and control of environmental factors across the supply chain is being given greater emphasis. E.g. Vacuum packaging , Transportation choices in cold chain, etc. Temperature control and monitoring is being employed to reduce the risks and increase efficiency. 36% of all major and critical defects registered by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency during 2003/2004 were related to the control and monitoring of storage and transportation temperatures. Heightened priority of patient safety due to the presence of multiple uncontrolled variables in the distribution process, developing an appropriate temperature and humidity monitoring program is essential to protect the quality of environmentally sensitive pharmaceutical product and ensure patient safety. Increased Importance of the Pharmaceutical Cold Chain In 2003, out of the $400 billion products, 10% were biopharmaceuticals. The biopharmaceutical markets compound annual growth rate(CAGR) was 21% which was notably more than the roughly 11% CAGR of the traditional pharmaceutical market in the period 1999 to 2003The biopharmaceuticals are highly sensitive to temperature. This increases the importance of the pharmaceutical cold chain. The standard procedures normally followed in the cold chain are: Information of shipping configuration and the type of packaging used, should be declared. In the labeling part, the storage rules and particular precaution that should be taken should be included. Mode of transportation should be approved by respective authorities. The finished products in the shipment are verified to check any tampering or damaging of the containers. The manufacturer should obtain the evidence that the requirements for shipping e.g. temperature control have been fulfilled. Some important aspects of Pharmaceutical cold chain are: Some leading logistics companies and carriers which have sophisticated infrastructure e.g. electronic tracking, online export documentation provide can assists the shipping party. In cold chain, the use of refrigerated warehouses, refrigerator trucks, refrigerated containers, refrigerated ships and refrigerator cars is common. Another important facility required is the insulated shipping containers or other specialized packaging. The role of Temperature data loggers and RFID tags is to help monitor the temperature history of the warehouse or truck etc. and also the temperature history of the product being shipped. They also help in determination of the remaining shelf life of product. The key part is documentation. There are set of rules for each step in the chain to maintain proper records. Incomplete or Inaccurate paperwork in customs can lead to delays. So all the established protocols should be followed e.g. number of copies and other information details. Quality Management Process (QMP) and Risk Assessment Process (RAP) Factors to be considered for the QMP may include but are not limited to the: Organization, roles and responsibilities, process, trained resources, implementation plan, compliance change control, on-time delivery of right product, quality metrics, continuous enhancements, and monitoring customer satisfaction. Areas to be assessed in RAP include: Compliance with regulations, guidances and quality standards product profile, physical and chemical stability environment (temperature Mapping, temperature control, temperature and humidity monitoring), mode of transportation (ground, air, sea), shipment destination (domestic, export), package (primary and secondary), people (standard operating procedure, training, communication, documentation, recognizing, addressing, correcting adverse events, and change controls). TMS- Temperature Monitoring System The determining factor of a temperature monitoring system (chemical, mechanical or electronic) is the amount of information required. Generally the temperature monitor equipment is the main part of the Cold chain system. If the suppliers are having the infrastructure for high quality checks, the firm may use more complex, precise and sophisticated temperature data loggers which provide all the relevant information in prescribed format. The data includes record of temperature and humidity including time and date as well as specific identification. All equipment used for recording, monitoring and maintaining temperature and humidity conditions should initially be validated and thereafter calibrated on a regular basis. The certifications are provided by the leading suppliers in the industry indicating the grades about the quality required for the monitoring. Cold Chain in Floriculture Industry Flowers are perishable in nature. It is observed that small temperature differences can bring about very significant flower quality changes. There is a negative effect on the useful life of the flowers with the increase in temperature in transportation. It is further affected by increase in the duration for which the flowers were exposed to such high temperature. In India, due to inadequate cold-chain management, the postharvest losses are very high. The estimated losses are 40%, depending upon the commodity at various stages. Flowers should be cooled to temperature ranging in 330 F to 410 F without any delay. Higher temperatures not only reduce the useful-life but also increase the respiration-rate. It is found that the respiration of cut flowers increased exponentially with increase in storage temperature. Proper cold-chain management of flowers improves the flowers marketability. Cold storage enables quality stems to be held for longer periods before sale and ensures that the flow ers still have a good shelf life(called as vase life ) when they reach the market-place. Cold Chain in Dairy Industry: Amul Case Study Life cycles of various product lines of Amul are different, for example products like milk, lassi and flavored milk needs to be refrigerated from procurement, processing to end distribution stage. Milk is procured from regional cooperative societies or contract procurers. Pasteurization, refrigeration and packaging are done in regional centers itself. These centers are fully owned by Amul in some places and outsourced in other places. Thirty to forty SKUs of packaged milk, flavored milk and other similar products are supplied in plastic crates filled with ice for end mile distribution to the nearest market i.e. different parts of cities, suburbs and even to rural areas. Since crates are small loading and unloading is done manually, so it does not require complex equipments. Empty crates are brought back as a part of Reverse Logistics for next day dispatching of milk. For ice creams, Srikhand, Butter and other such products High-Tech refrigerated transportation system is used. Amul is first mover in India for tetra packed milk products. It sells these under the brands Amul Sakthi and Nutramul. It has also introduced products like cold coffe, butter milk and Lassi in tetra packs. These have a life span of six months to one year. These do not require cold storage facilities and delivered in corrugated boxes in combination with stretched plastic. Amul has the largest cold storage network in India (more than 18000 facilities). Challenges Issues Cold storage industry is facing following challenges 1. Lack of Uniform Technology standards: There is lack of uniform electronic and bar code standards. International standards vary widely, and domestic standards are almost as disparate, creating unnecessary paperwork and profit-eating delays. 2. Consolidation: The trend toward consolidation sprung from the growing tendency for warehouses to act as shipping venues, as well as the entry into the market by warehouse holders. Though consolidation spurred overall industry growth, smaller warehouses have struggled to compete with larger industry players. 3. Capital Investment and Technology: The cold chain Storage and logistics is a capital-intensive industry (investment for refrigeration equipments and real estate) with a large capacity cold storage chain has a high payback period of around five years.    4. Incumbency advantages independent of size: Existing players like Snowman have built expertise by operating in this industry for longer periods in time use imported hi-tech equipment, which new entrants find difficult. 5. Economies of scales: It is a largely untapped, fragmented full of unorganized small size players. No player has achieved economies of scale and thus a new a new entrant with deep pockets can enter this industry and still be at a major cost advantage. 6. Human Capital and Domain Skills: It requires skilled human resources for operating and controlling the cold storage facilities. Lack of technically qualified employees is also one of the hindering factors for Indian cold storage industry. 7. Lack of logistical Support: Small land holdings remain a challenge because it requires multiple farm gate collection centers. Also Fragmented cold chain industry has not encouraged the growth of cold logistics for horticulture produce. Standard refrigerated systems are inefficient and poorly designed. Also, domestic market for fresh perishable produce is underdeveloped. 8. Uneven Distribution of cold stores: Available capacity is mostly focused on single commodities. Problem of financial viability is also their due to seasonality. Other pertinent issues are 1. Erratic power supply 2. High operational costs and low yield models. 3. High insurance/ Risk coverage premiums. 4. Large gap in demand supply conducive to small unorganized service providers. 5. Government tax and commercial regulations. Role of Government Government policy acts as a catalyst in this industry. Following are the salient features of Government policies for cold storage sector: 1. Encourages Investments Agri food is identified as priority sector. 2. Encourages organized sector- ECB route opened, Import duty relaxed. 3. Liberalizes Marketing Norms- Focus on increased retail, improved supply chain. 4. Rationalizes Tax Laws- Moving towards uniform VAT/GST. 5. Provides Grants and subsidies- VG funding, Grants, Infrastructure status 6. Eases foreign investment- 100% FDI in food sector. ECB for cold chain. Government of India Initiatives 1. Excised waved on FV, meat preparations, ice-cream, other RTE food mixes. 2. Automatic approval for 100% foreign equity in processed food items. External commercial borrowing opened (except in beer, alcohol etc.) 3. Priority lending status; Duties reduced on imports; Zero service tax on installations. 4. EOI floated for 30 mega food parks- allocated US $ 1.02 billion by 2012. Objective of the scheme is to provide backward and forward linkages as well develop reliable and sustainable supply chain. 5. GOI initiating National Highway Development Program and partnering with Indian railways to establish cold chain infrastructure. Indian railway is planning to invite private parties to run refrigerated container trains for transporting agricultural products across the country. 6. Integrated food law(FSSA) notified and ready for implementation. 7. Task force on Development of cold chain established and national centre for Cold Chain Development (NCCD). In Budget 2011- Cold chain Industry Industries like fertilizer and cold-storage chains will benefit, with capital investment in fertilizer being treated as infrastructure investment. Hyderabad based express distribution and supply chain solutions provider Gati logistics has said the endowment of infrastructure status to cold-storage chains logistics in the Budget will help in realizing its plans to build cold storage units across the country. Gati is setting up 10 cold storage plants across the India at an investment of about Rs 200 crore in the coming four years.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essays --

When most people think of dairy animals they immediately think of a cow because that’s what they are taught growing up. More recently dairy goats operations have become more and more popular because of this dairy goat products will continue to be product in demand. In 2013 there were three hundred sixty thousand milking goats with Wisconsin being number one with forty six thousand milking goats . In the United States cow’s milk is most commonly consumed milk; but worldwide its goat’s milk that is most widely consumed. Milk overall is known as a natural source of nutrients, goats milk is a popular alternate to cow’s milk with it being easier to digest. Overall goats are much more efficient than dairy cattle. They produce more for their body size, the cost to raise them is much cheaper, and the components in goat’s milk are on a much higher scale than any dairy cattle. Goats are a smaller statured animal than a cow; they are about one sixth the size of a mature cow . Goats also have a longer production span than a cow; they can produce for about eight to ten years, where as a cows average is only four to six years . On a daily basis goats milk up to nine pounds a day, for their body size they are they are producing seven percent of their own body weight a day. Comparing that average for a goat to a dairy cow that weighs about fourteen hundred pounds and produces eighty pounds a day; that means cows are only producing four point four percent of their body weight. Since dairy goats are smaller they don’t need as much feed as a dairy cow does to produce milk. For their body size, goats are slightly more efficient than cows; it takes less feed for a dairy goat to produce a gallon of milk than for a cow to produce a gallon . F... ...in B which helps with the nervous system control and is also high in riboflavin which affects growth. There are many reasons people choose to raise dairy goats. Goats may be smaller than cows but they can out shine a dairy cow any day. Goats have many positive aspects to them that many people may not know about. Even though goats are only one sixth the size of a dairy cow they produce more for their body size than any dairy cow. Since goats are smaller that means they will eat substantially less than a dairy cow does. If someone is looking milk just for a family a goat would be a better choice because of the fact that cows will produce way more milk than one family can consume. Also there are many health reasons goats milk is better for a human than cow’s milk. Goats are a blooming industry and many farmers are realizing that there is more money in raising them.